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Related Concept Videos

Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
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Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
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In Situ Hybridization for the Precise Localization of Transcripts in Plants
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Hybridization in Plants: Old Ideas, New Techniques.

Benjamin E Goulet1,2, Federico Roda1,2, Robin Hopkins3,4

  • 1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (B.E.G., F.R., R.H.); and.

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Hybridization drives evolutionary innovation and speciation in plants. New genomic tools reveal how gene flow between species creates novel diversity and adaptations.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Hybridization is a significant evolutionary force.
  • Gene flow between divergent taxa generates phenotypic diversity, adaptation, and speciation.
  • Hybridization has immediate and long-term evolutionary consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of hybridization in plant evolution.
  • To discuss how genomic advancements are revolutionizing the study of hybridization.
  • To highlight the impact of hybridization on biological diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on plant hybridization.
  • Discussion of advancements in genomic and genetic tools.
  • Analysis of evolutionary outcomes of hybridization.

Main Results:

  • Genomic tools enhance the documentation and investigation of hybridization.
  • Hybridization contributes to local adaptation via introgression and transgressive segregation.
  • Hybridization can lead to the formation of new species.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic advancements provide unprecedented insights into hybridization's evolutionary impact.
  • Hybridization is a key mechanism for generating biodiversity and facilitating adaptation in plants.
  • Future research will continue to leverage genomic tools to explore hybridization's role in evolution.