The modulator driven polymorphism of Zr(IV) based metal-organic frameworks

The reaction of ZrCl₄ and 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (H₂tdc) in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (Htfa) as modulator results in the formation of the new metal-organic framework (MOF) named DUT-126 (DUT = Dresden University of Technology). The nature and concentration of modulators are found to be decisive synthetic parameters affecting the topology of the formed product. DUT-126 ( HBR: ) extends the series of polymorphs differing in topology, namely DUT-67 ( REO: ), DUT-68 ( BON: ) and DUT-69 ( BCT: ) to four, where DUT-67 and DUT-68 show the same eight-connected secondary building units as in DUT-126. In DUT-126, linker molecules have a peculiar orientation, resulting in HBR: topology, which is described for the first time in this work for MOFs. DUT-126 contains three pore types, including two micropores surrounding mesoporous channels. DUT-126 is stable against hydrolysis and features permanent porosity with a specific surface area of 1297 m² g^-1 and a total pore volume of 0.48 cm³ g^-1, calculated from the nitrogen physisorption isotherm measured at 77 K.This article is part of the themed issue 'Coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks: materials by design'.