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Irritable bowel syndrome evaluation using computed tomography colonography.

Hideki Ohgo1, Hiroyuki Imaeda1, Minoru Yamaoka1

  • 1Hideki Ohgo, Hiroyuki Imaeda, Department of Gastroenterology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.

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Summary

Computed tomography colonography (CTC) revealed distinct colon morphology in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subtypes. Findings suggest CTC can help differentiate IBS subtypes based on colon dimensions.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder.
  • Subtypes of IBS (diarrhea-predominant and constipation-predominant) exhibit different clinical characteristics.
  • Objective evaluation of colon morphology in IBS subtypes is crucial for understanding pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare colon morphology in patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), and functional constipation (FC).
  • To assess the utility of computed tomography colonography (CTC) in differentiating IBS subtypes based on colonic dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • CTC was performed on 12 IBS-D patients, 13 IBS-C patients, 12 FC patients, and 14 controls.
  • Colonoscopy followed CTC for all participants.
  • Measurements included lengths (rectosigmoid, transverse, total colon) and diameters (rectum, sigmoid, descending, transverse, ascending colon).

Main Results:

  • The total colon was significantly longer in FC patients compared to controls (P < 0.05).
  • The transverse colon was significantly shorter in IBS-D patients than in IBS-C (P < 0.01) and FC (P = 0.02) groups.
  • The descending colon diameter was significantly smaller in IBS-D patients compared to IBS-C (P = 0.03) and FC (P < 0.001) groups, and larger in FC than controls (P = 0.04).

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences in colon length and diameter exist between IBS subtypes and functional constipation.
  • CTC can identify distinct morphological features in the colon of IBS patients.
  • CTC may aid in the clarification and differentiation of IBS subtypes.