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Marked hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HAL) is complex. While cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) deficiency in HAL is linked to cardiovascular risks, especially in women, its absence may correlate with cancer history, challenging HAL

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Area of Science:

  • Lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health

Background:

  • Marked hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HAL) is a condition characterized by elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
  • HAL is recognized as a heterogeneous syndrome with varying clinical implications.
  • The role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in HAL pathophysiology requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pathophysiological significance of marked HAL.
  • To compare clinical profiles of HAL subjects with and without CETP deficiency.
  • To determine if HAL is consistently associated with longevity or specific pathological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative clinical profile analysis of HAL subjects.
  • Stratification of HAL subjects based on the presence or absence of CETP deficiency.
  • Assessment of associations between HAL, CETP status, and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, strokes, and cancer history.

Main Results:

  • CETP deficiency in the HAL population was significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases and strokes.
  • This association was particularly pronounced in females with HAL and CETP deficiency.
  • HAL women without CETP deficiency exhibited a higher prevalence of cancer history.
  • These findings suggest HAL is not uniformly a marker for longevity.

Conclusions:

  • Marked hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HAL) is a heterogeneous condition with diverse clinical outcomes.
  • Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) deficiency in HAL is linked to increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risks, especially in women.
  • The absence of CETP deficiency in HAL may be associated with a higher cancer risk in women.
  • HAL should not be solely considered a longevity marker, as it can be accompanied by significant pathological conditions.