Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Step By Step: Microsurgical training method combining two nonliving animal models
Published on: May 9, 2015
Naohiro Ishii1, Tomoki Kiuchi2, Tomito Oji2
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, Tochigi, Japan.
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Human vessels for microsurgery training can be reused multiple times after freezing and thawing. This technique preserves vascular integrity for up to four years, offering a sustainable solution for surgical skill development.
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