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Related Concept Videos

Reaction Rate02:53

Reaction Rate

69.9K
The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...
69.9K
Reaction Mechanisms: Rate-limiting Step Approximation01:29

Reaction Mechanisms: Rate-limiting Step Approximation

42
The rate-determining step, or RDS, in a chemical reaction is the slowest step that determines the overall reaction rate. It is identified by using the observed rate law and typically involves approximation methods like the RDS approximation or the steady-state approximation.In the RDS approximation, also known as the rate-limiting-step or equilibrium approximation, the reaction mechanism consists of one or more reversible reactions near equilibrium, followed by a slower RDS, and then one or...
42
Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate

90.4K
The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
90.4K
Concentration and Rate Law03:03

Concentration and Rate Law

43.0K
The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentrations of reactants. Rate laws (differential rate laws) or rate equations are mathematical expressions describing the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants.
For example, in a generic reaction aA + bB ⟶ products, where a and b are stoichiometric coefficients, the rate law can be written as:
43.0K
Effect of Temperature Change on Reaction Rate02:28

Effect of Temperature Change on Reaction Rate

5.3K
The Arrhenius equation,
5.3K
Measuring Reaction Rates03:09

Measuring Reaction Rates

32.6K
Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...
32.6K

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Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
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Reaction rate theory: summarising remarks.

David Chandler1, David E Manolopoulos2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Faraday Discussions
|November 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reviews reaction rate theory, covering transition state theory, rare event sampling, instantons, and non-adiabatic dynamics. It highlights advancements in understanding chemical reaction mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Dynamics

Background:

  • Reaction rate theory is fundamental to understanding chemical processes.
  • The Faraday Discussion provides a platform for cutting-edge research in this field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key contributions presented at a Faraday Discussion on reaction rate theory.
  • To provide an overview of current research trends and methodologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of presented research topics.
  • Synthesis of diverse theoretical approaches.

Main Results:

  • Coverage of contemporary transition state theory applications.
  • Inclusion of rare event sampling techniques.
  • Discussion of instanton methods and non-adiabatic dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The field is advancing with sophisticated theoretical tools.
  • Diverse methods are being applied to complex reaction systems.