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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

339
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
307
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
291
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

302
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Psychocardiology in the elderly.

Brigita Novak Sarotar1,2, Mitja Lainscak3,4

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. brigita.novak@psih-klinika.si.

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
|November 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

As the global population ages, chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and depression in older adults are rising. These conditions often coexist, impacting overall health and functioning.

Keywords:
AdherenceAntidepressantsCardiovascular diseaseDepressionTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Global populations are aging, leading to an increased prevalence of chronic diseases.
  • Cardiovascular disease and depression frequently co-occur in older adults.
  • Depressive symptoms in the elderly are often underdiagnosed due to overlapping medical conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the bidirectional relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease in the aging population.
  • To investigate the role of psychosocial factors in cardiovascular functioning and disease outcomes among older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on epidemiological studies and clinical research.
  • Analysis of bidirectional associations between depression and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Exploration of psychosocial factors influencing cardiac health.

Main Results:

  • Older adults with depressive symptoms exhibit poorer functional status compared to those with other chronic conditions.
  • Cardiovascular disease remains a primary cause of illness and death in this demographic.
  • Evidence suggests a complex interplay between mental health and heart health.

Conclusions:

  • The co-occurrence of depression and cardiovascular disease in the elderly presents a significant public health challenge.
  • Psychosocial factors play a crucial role in the manifestation and progression of cardiovascular disease in depressed older adults.
  • Integrated care approaches are needed to address the complex health needs of aging individuals with comorbid depression and cardiovascular conditions.