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Detection costs and contingent attentional capture.

Josef G Schönhammer1, Dirk Kerzel2

  • 1Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Éducation, Université de Genève, 40 Boulevard du Pont d'Arve, CH-1205, Genève, Switzerland. josef.schoenhammer@unige.ch.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
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PubMed
Summary

Peripheral cues can speed up or slow down reaction times (RTs) depending on timing. Detection tasks show costs when cues and targets match, suggesting integration hinders detecting new events.

Keywords:
AttentionContingent attentional captureDetection costTask demands

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Visual attention

Background:

  • Peripheral cues influence reaction times (RTs) based on cue-target stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA).
  • Detection tasks exhibit cueing costs at shorter SOAs, unlike identification tasks.
  • Detection cost theory posits cue-target integration impedes target detection as a novel event in detection tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cue-target similarity in detection and identification tasks using a spatial cueing paradigm.
  • To test the predictions of detection cost theory regarding cue-target integration and task demands.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified spatial cueing paradigm with onset and color cues paired with onset and color targets.
  • Conducted separate blocks for identification and detection tasks, analyzing RTs and false alarms.
  • Manipulated cue-target similarity (matching vs. nonmatching pairs).

Main Results:

  • Identification task: Cueing benefits observed for matching cue-target pairs; no effects for nonmatching pairs.
  • Detection task: Matching cue-target pairs showed reduced cueing benefits or cueing costs (especially onset-onset).
  • Detection task: Nonmatching cue-target pairs were unaffected by task type.
  • False alarm patterns in detection tasks correlated with cueing benefit/cost magnitudes.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence supports detection cost theory: cue-target integration in detection tasks, particularly with similar stimuli, hinders target detection as a new event.
  • Stimulus similarity significantly modulates cueing effects, especially in detection tasks.
  • False alarms offer insights into stimulus similarity and its impact on attentional costs.