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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Genetic Screens02:46

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila
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Genomic Database Searching.

James R A Hutchins1

  • 1Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), CNRS, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396, Montpellier, France. james.hutchins@igh.cnrs.fr.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
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Summary

Genomic databases and browsers offer powerful tools for biological research, enabling detailed analysis of species genomes. These resources transform medicine and evolutionary studies by providing access to vast amounts of genetic variation data.

Keywords:
BioinformaticsEpigeneticsGenome browsersIdentifiersInternet-based softwareMatricesMotifsNext-generation sequencingSequences

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Reference genome sequences have revolutionized biological research across numerous species.
  • Genomic variation analyses offer insights into phenotypic traits, evolution, disease, and personalized medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of major genomic databases and browsers.
  • To describe methods for searching these resources and retrieving genomic information.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing online genome browsers (Ensembl, NCBI, UCSC) for graphical data visualization.
  • Employing various search strategies including gene names, identifiers, sequences, and motifs.
  • Describing approaches for batch retrieval and analysis of large experimental datasets, including next-generation sequencing data.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key genomic databases and browsers for accessing biological data.
  • Detailed methods for querying genomic information using diverse criteria.
  • Strategies for handling large-scale genomic data analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic databases and browsers are essential resources for modern biological research.
  • Effective utilization of these tools enhances the understanding of genetics, evolution, and disease.
  • Advanced search and analysis methods facilitate the interpretation of complex genomic data.