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Related Concept Videos

Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
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Traction Microscopy Integrated with Microfluidics for Chemotactic Collective Migration
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Getting a grip on collective cell migration.

Tamal Das1, Joachim P Spatz1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Jahnstraβe 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany and in the Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Nature Cell Biology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells coordinate movement using cadherin-rich extensions. Leading cells extend these protrusions, which follower cells engulf to guide collective cell migration.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Collective cell migration is crucial for development and tissue repair.
  • Understanding the guidance mechanisms in collective cell migration is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which cells guide collective migration.
  • To identify the role of cell-cell interactions in directed cell movement.

Main Methods:

  • Live imaging of migrating cells.
  • Analysis of cell-cell interactions and protrusion dynamics.
  • Utilizing cadherin-based cell adhesion studies.

Main Results:

  • Leading cells extend cadherin-rich protrusions.
  • Follower cells actively engulf these protrusions.
  • This engulfment process directs the migration path of follower cells.

Conclusions:

  • A novel mechanism for collective cell migration guidance is described.
  • Cadherin-mediated protrusion extension and engulfment orchestrates cell alignment.
  • This finding provides insights into tissue morphogenesis and wound healing.