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Genomic Selection for Processing and End-Use Quality Traits in the CIMMYT Spring Bread Wheat Breeding Program.

Sarah D Battenfield, Carlos Guzmán, R Chris Gaynor

    The Plant Genome
    |November 30, 2016
    PubMed
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    Genomic selection models improve wheat breeding by accurately predicting end-use quality traits. This approach enables earlier selection, increasing genetic gain for both quality and yield in bread wheat.

    Area of Science:

    • Agricultural Science
    • Plant Breeding
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Wheat quality traits are crucial for consumer acceptance but often secondary to yield in breeding programs due to resource limitations.
    • Advancing unselected lines without proper quality testing leads to wasted resources and reduced breeding efficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate whole-genome prediction models for end-use quality traits in the CIMMYT bread wheat breeding program.
    • To assess the accuracy and effectiveness of genomic selection (GS) for early generation selection of quality traits.

    Main Methods:

    • Whole-genome prediction models were developed using phenotypic and genotypic data from wheat breeding lines.
    • Model accuracy was evaluated through forward prediction on lines tested in yield trials from 2009 to 2015.

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  • Key quality parameters including test weight, kernel weight, protein content, and baking performance were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Prediction accuracy for quality traits generally increased over time as more training data became available.
    • Forward prediction accuracies in 2015 ranged from 0.32 for grain hardness to 0.62 for mixing time.
    • Genomic selection enabled 1.4 to 2.7 times higher expected genetic gain compared to traditional phenotypic selection.

    Conclusions:

    • Genomic selection is a powerful tool for early generation selection of end-use quality in wheat breeding.
    • GS allows for larger populations to be evaluated, facilitating simultaneous selection for both quality and yield.
    • This integrated approach enhances overall breeding program efficiency and genetic gain in bread wheat.