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Cardiac T1 Mapping and Extracellular Volume (ECV) in clinical practice: a comprehensive review

Philip Haaf1,2, Pankaj Garg3, Daniel R Messroghli4

  • 1Division of Biomedical Imaging, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. Philip.Haaf@usb.ch.

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
|December 1, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) with T1 mapping can detect diffuse fibrosis missed by Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE). This offers a novel biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring cardiomyopathies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is vital for differentiating cardiomyopathy causes.
  • Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) detects myocardial scar but may miss diffuse fibrosis.
  • Accurate fibrosis assessment is crucial for diagnosing and managing cardiomyopathies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of T1 mapping techniques in CMR for detecting and quantifying myocardial fibrosis.
  • To explore T1 mapping as a novel biomarker for diagnosing ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies.
  • To assess the utility of T1 mapping for longitudinal monitoring of myocardial changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized native and post-contrast T1 mapping sequences in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.
  • Compared T1 mapping findings with Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) for fibrosis detection.
  • Investigated T1 mapping's role in differentiating aetiologies of cardiomyopathies and in acute chest pain syndromes.

Main Results:

  • T1 mapping shows promise in detecting and quantifying diffuse myocardial fibrosis, which may be missed by LGE.
  • Native and post-contrast T1 values may serve as sensitive biomarkers in various cardiac conditions.
  • This technique allows for non-invasive, longitudinal assessment of myocardial tissue characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • T1 mapping is a valuable tool for comprehensive myocardial tissue characterisation in CMR.
  • It enhances the diagnostic capabilities beyond LGE, aiding in the differential diagnosis of cardiomyopathies.
  • T1 mapping supports diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic decision-making in cardiovascular medicine.

Keywords:
Acute chest pain syndromesCardiomyopathyDiffuse myocardial fibrosisECVT1 mapping

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