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Climate, intermittent humidification, and humidifier fever
K Anderson1, A D Watt, D Sinclair
1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine
|September 1, 1989
Summary
Two summer outbreaks of humidifier fever (HF) occurred in factories, with symptoms appearing after holidays and linked to cool nocturnal air. Humidifier fever can present differently in summer versus winter, influenced by humidification patterns.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Environmental Medicine
- Immunology
Background:
- Humidifier fever (HF) outbreaks were investigated in two factories with intermittent humidification systems.
- Symptoms were noted to occur particularly after holiday periods and were associated with specific environmental conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe and analyze two summer outbreaks of humidifier fever.
- To identify factors influencing symptom presentation and diagnosis in different seasons.
Main Methods:
- Questionnaire data collection from factory workers.
- Analysis of symptom patterns, timing, and association with work attendance and holidays.
- Serological testing (ELISA) for IgG antibodies to humidifier sludge.
Main Results:
- Summer HF outbreaks occurred, with symptoms often delayed after returning from holidays and linked to low nocturnal temperatures.
- Symptom patterns varied, with some workers showing intermittent symptoms before recognition.
- Antibody prevalence differed between factories, with Factory B showing higher IgG antibodies in symptomatic individuals.
Conclusions:
- Humidifier fever can manifest during summer with symptoms masked by intermittent humidification and linked to cool air intake.
- The presentation of HF may differ between summer and winter, impacting its recognition.
- Understanding seasonal variations and environmental triggers is crucial for diagnosing and managing humidifier fever.