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Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

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Working Memory Capacity and Fluid Intelligence: Maintenance and Disengagement.

Zach Shipstead1, Tyler L Harrison2, Randall W Engle2

  • 1Department of Social and Behavior Sciences, Arizona State University shipsteadzm@alma.edu.

Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|December 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Working memory capacity and fluid intelligence are complementary cognitive processes, not causally linked. Each involves distinct attention-demanding functions crucial for complex problem-solving and reasoning.

Keywords:
attention controlfluid intelligenceinhibitionmaintenanceworking memory capacity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Working memory capacity (WMC) and fluid intelligence (Gf) show a strong positive correlation.
  • Existing models propose WMC facilitates Gf through information maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a reframed perspective on the WMC-Gf relationship.
  • To conceptualize WMC and Gf as complementary processes in complex cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical proposal and conceptual analysis.
  • Examination of problem-solving dynamics.
  • Analysis of attention-demanding mental functions.

Main Results:

  • WMC enables stable problem representation for hypothesis testing.
  • Gf involves disengaging from outdated information to generate new hypotheses.
  • The WMC-Gf correlation arises from distinct, potentially opposing, top-down controlled functions.

Conclusions:

  • WMC and Gf are not causally linked but represent complementary cognitive abilities.
  • Both abilities rely on executive attention and top-down control.
  • This reframing offers a new understanding of complex cognition and individual differences.