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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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Lineage Commitment01:21

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Structure and Function of Leukocytes01:21

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An adult in good health typically has between 4,500 and 11,000 leukocytes, or white blood cells, per microliter of blood, which constitutes about 1% of the total blood volume. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells contain a nucleus and other cellular organelles but do not have hemoglobin. Most white blood cells reside in connective tissues, particularly in lymphatic organs such as the lymph nodes, with only a small fraction present in circulating blood.
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Assessment of the Metabolic Profile of Primary Leukemia Cells
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Preleukemia: one name, many meanings.

H P Koeffler1,2,3, G Leong2

  • 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Leukemia
|December 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preleukemia, initially defined as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), now encompasses conditions with mutations like RUNX1, CEBPA, or GATA2, and clonal hematopoiesis in AML survivors, indicating an evolving understanding of leukemia development.

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Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The definition of preleukemia has evolved significantly over time.
  • Initially, it described myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with a high risk of progressing to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • Germline mutations in RUNX1, CEBPA, or GATA2, and therapy-induced MDS also represent preleukemic states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolving definition and understanding of preleukemia.
  • To highlight the role of clonal hematopoiesis and specific gene mutations in leukemia development.
  • To discuss the implications of these findings for early detection and risk assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical definitions and clinical observations of preleukemia.
  • Analysis of genetic mutations (e.g., RUNX1, CEBPA, GATA2, DNMT3A, TET2, IDH1/2) associated with preleukemic states.
  • Incorporation of technological advancements like cytogenetics and deep sequencing in understanding clonal hematopoiesis.

Main Results:

  • Preleukemia now includes conditions beyond MDS, such as germline mutations and therapy-induced syndromes.
  • Clonal hematopoiesis with mutations in DNMT3A, TET2, or IDH1/2 is observed in AML patients in remission and in older individuals with increased AML risk.
  • These preleukemic clones originate from early hematopoietic stem cells and may be therapy-resistant.

Conclusions:

  • The concept of preleukemia has expanded due to technological advancements and a deeper understanding of clonal hematopoiesis.
  • Identifying specific mutations and clonal hematopoiesis aids in assessing AML risk and understanding disease progression.
  • Further research is needed to refine the definition and clinical management of preleukemic states.