Substrate activation by malate induced by oxalate in the Ascaris suum NAD-malic enzyme reaction

Substrate activation of the rate of the NAD-malic enzyme reaction by malate is obtained in the presence but not in the absence of oxalate. The substrate activation is a result of competition between malate and oxalate for the E.NADH complex, with malate binding to the form of the complex unprotonated at an enzyme group with a pK of 4.9 and oxalate binding preferentially to the protonated form. The off-rate for NADH from the E.NADH complex is completely rate limiting when the group with a pK of 4.9 is protonated but is only one of several rate-limiting steps when it is unprotonated [Kiick, D.M., Harris, B.G., & Cook, P.F. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 227]. The competition by malate with oxalate thus results in an overall increase in the off-rate for NADH as a result of binding to the unprotonated form of E.NADH. Consistent with the proposed mechanism, the deuterium isotope effect on V for the nonsubstrate-activating malate concentration range decreases from 1.6 in the absence of oxalate to 1.3 in the presence of a concentration of oxalate equal to its Kii. The rate equation for the oxalate-induced substrate activation by malate is derived and presented in the Appendix. Data are discussed in terms of the overall mechanism of the NAD-malic enzyme.