Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
09:53

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Published on: February 6, 2017

11.9K

Toll-like receptors and cutaneous melanoma

Ilaria Coati1, Serena Miotto1, Irene Zanetti1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy.

Oncology Letters
|December 1, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen or damage signals, influencing skin cells like keratinocytes and melanocytes. This review explores TLRs

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Innate immune cells utilize pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a class of PRRs, are crucial in initiating cellular responses, including cytokine release and antigen presentation.
  • TLRs are expressed in human skin cells, keratinocytes and melanocytes, which are implicated in skin cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of melanoma.
  • To discuss the potential of TLRs as therapeutic targets for melanoma treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and melanoma.
  • Analysis of TLR expression patterns in keratinocytes and melanocytes.
  • Examination of TLR signaling pathways in the context of skin cancer.

Main Results:

  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed in keratinocytes and melanocytes, the primary cells involved in skin cancer.
  • Specific TLRs (1-6, 9 in keratinocytes; 2-5, 7, 9, 10 in melanocytes) are identified in these skin cells.
  • TLR activation by PAMPs or DAMPs triggers inflammatory responses relevant to melanoma pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a significant role in the development and progression of melanoma.
  • Targeting TLRs presents a promising therapeutic strategy for melanoma treatment.
Keywords:
Toll-like receptorsimmunotherapymelanoma

More Related Videos

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling09:51

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

13.1K
Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model12:37

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

18.9K

Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
6.5K
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
4.6K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
7.8K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.1K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.8K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
16.9K