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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Published on: May 1, 2018

Decrease in eccentric quadriceps and hamstring strength in recreational alpine skiers after prolonged skiing.

Arnold Koller¹, Birgit Fuchs¹, Veronika Leichtfried¹

¹Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, tirol kliniken and Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology , Hall , Austria.

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine

|December 1, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recreational skiing causes prolonged eccentric quadriceps and hamstring muscle fatigue, lasting at least 24 hours. This fatigue in recreational skiers may increase injury risk, suggesting eccentric training could be beneficial.

Keywords:

Concentric Eccentric Injury Isokinetics Skiing

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Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans

Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans

Published on: December 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Biomechanics
Exercise Physiology

Background:

Identifying modifiable risk factors for injury in recreational alpine skiing is crucial for targeted exercise and training interventions.
Muscle fatigue, specifically concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring fatigue, has not been previously evaluated in recreational skiers.
This study investigated the hypothesis that recreational skiing leads to greater eccentric muscle fatigue compared to concentric muscle fatigue.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effects of a 4-hour recreational skiing session on concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring muscle fatigue.
To determine the duration of this fatigue in recreational skiers.
To assess the potential link between skiing-induced muscle fatigue and injury risk.

Main Methods:

Twenty-four healthy, fit recreational skiers (14 male, 10 female) underwent isokinetic muscle testing.
Testing was performed one day before, one hour after, and 24 hours after a 4-hour skiing session.
The protocol included concentric and eccentric contractions of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles for both legs.

Main Results:

A significant reduction in eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) and eccentric peak quadriceps torque (left thigh) was observed in both male and female participants.
These reductions in peak torque persisted for at least 24 hours post-skiing.
No other significant differences in muscle fatigue parameters were found.

Conclusions:

Recreational skiing induces prolonged eccentric quadriceps (left thigh) and hamstring (both thighs) fatigue, lasting at least 24 hours in both genders.
This persistent eccentric muscle fatigue is a potential injury risk factor for recreational skiers.
Eccentric training may be a valuable addition to training regimens for alpine skiers to mitigate injury risk.