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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
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Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

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The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
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Adrenal masses: A urological perspective.

Amr F Fergany1

  • 1Glickman Urological and Kidney Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave - Q10, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA.

Arab Journal of Urology
|December 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adrenal masses are increasingly common. This review summarizes key diagnostic and surgical management strategies for urologists, focusing on pathology and treatment techniques.

Keywords:
Adrenal incidentalomaAdrenal massAdrenalectomyAdrenocortical carcinomaLESS, laparoendoscopic single-siteLaparoscopic adrenalectomyMIBG, metaiodobenzylguanidinePET, positron emission tomographySCS, subclinical Cushing’s syndromeSUV, standardised unit uptake

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Adrenal masses are frequently detected due to advances in sectional imaging.
  • Urologists frequently encounter management decisions for patients with adrenal masses.

Approach:

  • A systemic review of existing literature on surgical adrenal disease was conducted.
  • The review focuses on pertinent information regarding adrenal masses, diagnostic evaluation, and surgical treatment.

Key Points:

  • Adrenal masses present a wide spectrum of pathologies.
  • Management requires diverse surgical techniques.
  • Understanding adrenal mass pathology and management is crucial for urologists.

Conclusions:

  • This review provides essential information for urologists managing adrenal masses.
  • Familiarity with diagnostic and surgical approaches is vital for optimal patient care.