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Related Concept Videos

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

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Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
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Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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Green Algae01:21

Green Algae

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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Transient Expression in Red Beet of a Biopharmaceutical Candidate Vaccine for Type-1 Diabetes
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[A young man with green urine].

J van Rosmalen1, J A H van Oers

  • 1Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, afd. Intensive Care, Tilburg.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|December 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Propofol, a common anesthetic, can cause a rare, harmless side effect: green urine discoloration. This observation occurred in a patient with severe traumatic brain injury receiving propofol, midazolam, and sufentanil.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Toxicology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) necessitates intensive care and often involves sedation.
  • Commonly used sedatives in TBI management include propofol, midazolam, and sufentanil.

Observation:

  • A 37-year-old male patient admitted to the ICU for severe TBI developed green urine discoloration.
  • The urine discoloration was observed two days after the initiation of propofol, midazolam, and sufentanil administration.

Findings:

  • The green urine discoloration is identified as a rare and benign side effect.
  • Propofol is implicated as the likely causative agent for the observed urine color change.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should be aware of this rare, benign side effect of propofol to avoid misdiagnosis.

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  • Recognition of this phenomenon can prevent unnecessary investigations and patient anxiety.
  • This case highlights the importance of detailed observation in critical care settings.