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Related Concept Videos

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

979
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
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Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors01:24

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors

1.4K
Peptic ulcer disease, commonly called PUD, represents a multifaceted condition characterized by disruptions in the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI)  tract. Central to the protection of the gastrointestinal lining is the mucosal-bicarbonate barrier. This physiological defense mechanism is a formidable shield against the corrosive effects of gastric acid and pepsin secretion in the stomach. Its role is pivotal in maintaining the structural integrity of the stomach's inner lining.
1.4K
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

1.6K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
1.6K
Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

601
Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current...
601
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

84
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
84
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

3.4K
Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

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Pemphigus: Pathogenesis to Treatment.

Christopher DiMarco1

  • 1Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.

Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013)
|December 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pemphigus is a rare autoimmune blistering disease targeting desmosomal proteins. Treatment involves corticosteroids and adjuvant therapies to manage symptoms and achieve remission.

Area of Science:

  • Immunodermatology
  • Autoimmune Blistering Diseases

Background:

  • Pemphigus vulgaris (PV), pemphigus foliaceus (PF), and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) are rare, fatal autoimmune blistering diseases.
  • These conditions are characterized by autoantibodies targeting desmosomal proteins within the epidermis.
  • Pathogenesis involves activated B-cells and IgG, stimulated by IL-4 from T-helper 2 cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of pemphigus diseases.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment strategies for pemphigus.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pemphigus vulgaris, foliaceus, and paraneoplastic pemphigus.
  • Analysis of disease mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic approaches.
Keywords:
corticosteroidsdesmoglein 1desmoglein 3paraneoplastic pemphiguspemphigus foliaceuspemphigus vulgaris

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Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
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Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes
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Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
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Main Results:

  • Pemphigus diseases present with epidermal erosions due to flaccid bullae rupture.
  • Histological findings show intraepidermal splits forming blisters.
  • Standard treatment includes oral corticosteroids and adjuvant therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pemphigus requires a multi-faceted approach.
  • Corticosteroids and adjuvant therapies aim to control disease, reduce side effects, and induce remission.