Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Establishment and Validation of a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Pulmonary Fibrosis
Published on: May 23, 2025
Risk assessment in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Amresh Raina1, Marc Humbert2,3,4
1Cardiovascular Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PN, USA amresh.raina@ahn.org.
Abstract:
Regular patient assessment is essential for the management of chronic diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Comprehensive patient assessment and risk stratification in PAH are important to guide treatment decisions and to monitor disease progression as well as patients' response to treatment. Approaches for assessing risk in PAH patients include the use of risk variables, as recommended in the 2015 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) pulmonary hypertension (PH) guidelines, and the application of risk equations and scores, such as the French registry risk equation and the REVEAL registry risk score. Risk stratification and risk scores are both useful predictors of survival on a population basis, and provide an estimate for individual patients' risk. The 2015 ESC/ERS PH guidelines recommend regular assessment of multiple variables at an expert centre. The respective merits and limitations of different risk assessment methods in PAH are discussed in this article, as well as some considerations that can be taken into account in the future development of risk assessment tools.
Related Concept Videos
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management
Measurement of Blood Pressure

