Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 11, 2026
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
Published on: June 23, 2023
A Brief Review on Toxic Alcohols: Management Strategies
Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam1, Nasim Zamani
1Toxicological Research Center, Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Excellence Center of Clinical Toxicology, Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran. hassanian@sbmu.ac.ir.
Abstract:
The information on burden of alcohol abuse in Iran is scarce. However, the available data show that mortality rates and frequency of its use have increased in the Iranian community. In particular, Iran occupies the 1st rank in the number of outbreak incidents and victims of toxic alcohols such as methanol in the Middle East. Mortality and morbidity of toxic alcohols are high if prompt diagnosis and treatment are not initiated rapidly. On-time diagnosis, proper case finding, and standard treatment have an essential role to reduce mortality and morbidity of toxic alcohols particularly blindness and other physical and psychological disabilities. This review focuses on intoxication with methanol, ethylene glycol, and isopropanol, and their treatment.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies
01:14Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison
02:31Protection of Alcohols
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
02:37Oxidation of Alcohols
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
01:26Enhanced Elimination of Poison
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
02:15Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...