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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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MicroRNAs in bone diseases.

L Gennari1, S Bianciardi2, D Merlotti2,3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy. gennari@unisi.it.

Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
|December 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs regulate gene expression and are crucial for bone health and development. Targeting these molecules shows promise for treating bone diseases like osteoporosis, but challenges remain for therapeutic use.

Keywords:
Bone remodelingFractureMicroRNAOsteoporosisSmall noncoding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression posttranscriptionally.
  • They are vital for vertebrate development and various biological processes, including cell differentiation and apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in miRNA function, particularly their roles in bone remodeling and skeletal diseases.
  • To explore the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for bone disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental reports and animal studies on miRNA function in osteogenesis and bone homeostasis.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding miRNA involvement in cellular processes and their circulation in body fluids.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are integral to all stages of osteogenesis and bone maintenance, regulating key cellular activities.
  • Circulating miRNAs show potential as biomarkers for skeletal disorders.
  • Targeting miRNAs offers a novel therapeutic strategy for bone diseases, though delivery and off-target effects require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs play essential roles in bone biology and disease.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges for clinical application of miRNAs as therapeutics and diagnostics in skeletal disorders.