Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 11, 2026
Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
Published on: February 23, 2014
Invasive pneumococcal disease: From a tertiary care hospital in the post-vaccine era
Sevgen Tanır Basaranoglu1, Eda Karadag Oncel1, Kubra Aykac1
1a Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey.
Insights
Breakthrough invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) occurred in vaccinated children in Turkey. Two cases involved vaccine type 19F, with significant macrolide and penicillin resistance observed in these strains.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Vaccinology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant global health concern.
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) like PCV13 are crucial for prevention.
- Breakthrough infections, though rare, warrant investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report cases of breakthrough IPD following PCV13 vaccination in Turkey.
- To characterize the serotype and antibiotic resistance patterns of breakthrough isolates.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of invasive pneumococcal infection cases in children who received PCV.
- Definition of breakthrough infection: IPD with a vaccine serotype in a vaccinated child.
- Serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.
Main Results:
- Two of six IPD cases were identified as breakthrough infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19F.
- All investigated strains exhibited macrolide resistance, except one.
- Two strains demonstrated high or intermediate penicillin resistance.
Conclusions:
- PCV13 demonstrated effectiveness, but breakthrough infections can occur.
- Serotype 19F emerged as a cause of vaccine failure in this cohort.
- High rates of macrolide and penicillin resistance in breakthrough isolates highlight the need for ongoing surveillance and antibiotic stewardship.
Abstract:
A breakthrough infection occurring with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Turkey are previously described. A breakthrough infection is defined as IPD in a child who had received ≥ 1 PCV-7 or PCV-13 and for which the pneumococcal isolate was a vaccine serotype. During one year period, among 6 patients with invasive pneumococcal infection, 2 patients were considered to have a vaccine failure with serotype 19F. Antibiotic resistance results were remarkable; macrolide resistance were observed in all strains except one, and high and intermediate penicillin resistance were determined in 2 strains.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
01:28Pneumonia IV: Management
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
01:29Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...