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When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
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Determining friction and effective loading for sled sprinting.

Matt R Cross1, Farhan Tinwala1, Seth Lenetsky1

  • 1a Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT Millennium , Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand.

Journal of Sports Sciences
|December 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study quantifies the coefficient of friction (µk) in sled sprinting, revealing its dependence on speed for accurate athlete loading. Findings enhance understanding of friction

Keywords:
Coefficient of frictionresisted sprintingsprint trainingtraining load

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Athletics Training

Background:

  • Friction significantly impacts kinetic outputs and athlete loading during sled sprinting.
  • Quantifying friction is crucial for accurate training load assessment in athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the coefficient of friction (µk) of a sled sprint-training device.
  • To determine the relationship between sled mass, speed, and friction.
  • To provide a method for quantifying effective athlete loading during sled sprinting.

Main Methods:

  • A sled with a load cell was towed on an athletics track using a motorized winch.
  • Variable sled masses (33.1-99.6 kg) and speeds (0.1-6.0 m/s) were tested.
  • Friction and normal force data were analyzed for reliability and relationships.

Main Results:

  • Reliable measures were obtained (ICC > 0.99, CV < 4.3%).
  • Linear and quadratic regressions accurately described normal-force/friction-force and speed/coefficient of friction relationships (R² = 0.994-0.999).
  • Coefficient of friction (µk = 0.35-0.47) and effective loading were dependent on instantaneous speed.

Conclusions:

  • This research offers a proof-of-concept for assessing sled towing friction characteristics.
  • The findings clarify friction's effects in sled sprinting, improving loading accuracy and research reporting.
  • Effective loading and sled-sprinting kinetics can be more accurately determined using these friction insights.