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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
09:07

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

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Pluripotent stem cells: the last 10 years.

Erin A Kimbrel1, Robert Lanza1

  • 1Astellas Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 33 Locke Drive, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA.

Regenerative Medicine
|December 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer versatile applications in regenerative medicine and drug discovery. Recent advancements have spurred clinical trials and sophisticated disease modeling, highlighting PSCs

Keywords:
clinical trialsdisease-in-a-dish modelsdrug screeningembryonic stem cellsgene editinginduced pluripotent stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Drug discovery

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) possess the unique ability to differentiate into any cell type.
  • Technological progress has enabled the translation of PSC research into clinical applications and disease modeling.
  • Induced PSCs (iPSCs) provide a viable alternative to embryonic stem cells, advancing disease-in-a-dish models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key advancements in pluripotent stem cell research between 2006 and 2016.
  • To discuss the implications of these advancements for the future direction of stem cell science.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of PSC research published from 2006 to 2016.
  • Analysis of technological innovations and their impact on clinical translation and drug development.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in PSC technology has led to the first human clinical trials.
  • Development of innovative platforms for disease modeling and drug screening using PSCs.
  • iPSCs have become instrumental in creating patient-specific disease models.

Conclusions:

  • PSCs are highly versatile tools with expanding roles in medicine and research.
  • The reviewed advancements are poised to shape the trajectory of stem cell research and applications in the coming decade.