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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Fear Incubation Using an Extended Fear-Conditioning Protocol for Rats

Fear Incubation Using an Extended Fear-Conditioning Protocol for Rats

Published on: August 22, 2020

Genetic correlation between alcohol preference and conditioned fear: Exploring a functional relationship.

Julia A Chester¹, Marcus M Weera¹

¹Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.)

|December 3, 2016

Summary

Fear conditioning increases alcohol intake in mice. High alcohol preference mice showed heightened fear responses during abstinence, suggesting a genetic link between alcohol use and PTSD risk.

Keywords:

Alcohol Drinking Fear conditioning Genetics Post-traumatic stress disorder Selected lines

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Last Updated: Jan 24, 2026

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Behavioral Genetics
Psychiatry

Background:

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol-use disorders frequently co-occur, potentially due to shared genetic regulation.
Mice selectively bred for high alcohol preference (HAP) exhibit greater fear potentiated startle (FPS) than low alcohol preference (LAP) mice, suggesting a genetic link.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of fear conditioning on alcohol consumption.
To examine how alcohol consumption influences fear potentiated startle (FPS) expression.
To explore the relationship between genetic predisposition for alcohol preference and fear-related behaviors.

Main Methods:

Two experiments were conducted using male and female HAP2 and LAP2 mice.
Experiment 1: Assessed alcohol consumption under continuous access for 4 weeks post-fear conditioning, followed by FPS testing during abstinence.
Experiment 2: Monitored alcohol consumption under limited access for 4 weeks, with repeated fear conditioning and FPS testing.

Main Results:

Fear conditioning increased alcohol intake in both HAP2 and LAP2 mice.
Fear-conditioned HAP2 males showed increased FPS during alcohol abstinence.
Fear-conditioned HAP2 mice exhibited greater alcohol intake on specific drinking days compared to controls, but FPS did not change with alcohol consumption.

Conclusions:

Fear conditioning can influence alcohol consumption patterns.
Genetic factors influencing high alcohol preference may be associated with increased risk for PTSD and co-occurring alcohol use disorders.
These findings in mice provide insights into the genetic underpinnings of comorbid PTSD and alcohol use disorders in humans.