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Published on: December 6, 2016
[Historical review on obstructive sleep apnea in children]
1Stanford university sleep medicine program, Stanford, CA 94305, États-Unis.
Insights
This review covers over 50 years of research into pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and sleep-disordered breathing. Advances in understanding and treatment have been made, but further research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Sleep Medicine
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Historical review of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).
- Traces research evolution from adult lean individuals to children.
- Covers the progression from recognizing OSAS to defining upper-airway resistance syndrome.
Observation:
- Early descriptions of SDB date back to Dickens' character "Joe."
- Research has evolved over 50 years, shifting focus from adults to children.
- Multiple comorbidities associated with SDB include cognitive, behavioral, mood, and cardiovascular disorders.
Findings:
- Pathophysiological understanding of SDB in children has advanced significantly.
- Treatment approaches have evolved from tracheostomy to positive-airway pressure therapy, adenotonsillectomy, and myofunctional therapy.
- Significant progress in OSAS research has been achieved, yet many questions remain.
Implications:
- Highlights the critical need for continued investigation into pediatric SDB and OSAS.
- Emphasizes the multifaceted nature of SDB comorbidities in children.
- Suggests a need for further research to address remaining questions in the field.
Abstract:
An historical review on the discoveries on pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and sleep-disordered breathing is outlined. Starting with the description by Dickens of "Joe" the obese, snoring and sleepy individual, the authors trace more than 50 years of questions and research starting with the lean adult to the child and from the recognition of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome to the outline of upper-airway resistance syndrome. The pathophysiological knowledge on sleep-disordered breathing has evolved over time, as have treatment approaches in children, from tracheostomy to positive-airway-pressure therapy, to adenotonsillectomy with and without orthodontic treatments to oral-facial myofunctional therapy. Co-morbidities of sleep-disordered breathing are multiple, involving cognition, behavioral, and mood disorders, cardiovascular impairment, etc. There have been many advances in a short time due to the investigation of OSAS, but many questions still need responses.
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