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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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The cardiac cycle describes the events from one heartbeat to the next. It includes three main phases: diastole, atrial systole, and ventricular systole, all driven by changes in chamber pressures and the function of heart valves.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography
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Left Ventricular Function in Healthy Term Neonates During the Transitional Period.

Amish Jain1, Afif F El-Khuffash2, Bart C W Kuipers3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|December 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study assessed echocardiography methods for evaluating newborn heart function. Tissue Doppler imaging showed the least bias, proving reliable for characterizing left ventricular function in neonates.

Keywords:
newbornspeckle tracking echocardiographytissue Doppler imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal cardiology
  • Pediatric cardiovascular imaging
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • Assessing left ventricular (LV) function in neonates is crucial for early diagnosis and management.
  • Conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) are advanced techniques for cardiac assessment.
  • Establishing reliable methods to characterize neonatal LV function during the transitional period is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability of conventional echocardiography, TDI, and STE in characterizing left ventricular (LV) function in healthy neonates.
  • To establish a normative dataset for LV function indices in the early transitional newborn period.
  • To provide evidence for the validity of these echocardiographic techniques in neonates within the first 2 days of life.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study involving 50 healthy term neonates.
  • Serial echocardiograms were performed at approximately 15 ± 2 hours (day 1) and 35 ± 2 hours (day 2) of age.
  • LV dimensions, TDI velocities, and STE-derived strain and strain rate were acquired and compared between time points.

Main Results:

  • Measurements were feasible in most neonates; STE had lower feasibility (10-20% loss).
  • LV dimensions correlated with birth weight, but functional measures did not.
  • A slight reduction in LV basal diameter and some systolic velocities was noted by day 2; TDI showed least bias, and strain measurements were more reliable than other indices.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking echocardiography are valuable tools for assessing neonatal left ventricular function.
  • TDI-derived measures demonstrated the least bias, and strain measurements offered better reliability compared to other echocardiographic indices.
  • These findings support the use of echocardiography for establishing normative data and validating LV function assessment in neonates during the first 48 hours of life.