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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Published on: May 11, 2020

Illusory Temporal Binding in Meditators.

Peter Lush¹, Jim Parkinson², Zoltan Dienes²

¹School of Psychology, University of Sussex and Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, Brighton, UK ; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Pevensey Building, Falmer, BN1 9QH UK.

|December 3, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mindfulness meditation may enhance metacognition, leading to a stronger sense of agency. However, this heightened awareness can also increase susceptibility to illusions, such as the "intentional binding" effect, altering time perception between actions and outcomes.

Keywords:

Causal binding Intentional binding Intentions Mindfulness Sense of agency Time perception

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Metacognition, the awareness of one's own cognitive processes, plays a crucial role in perception and decision-making.
Mindfulness meditation is known to enhance metacognitive abilities, particularly concerning internal states and intentions.
Illusory effects, like "intentional binding," demonstrate how our perception of time can be distorted by our intentions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between enhanced metacognition from mindfulness meditation and susceptibility to perceptual illusions.
To explore whether mindfulness meditation influences the "intentional binding" effect, an indicator of time perception related to voluntary actions.
To examine the impact of mindfulness practice on the sense of agency.

Main Methods:

Comparison of experienced Buddhist mindfulness meditators with non-meditators.
Measurement of the "intentional binding" effect to assess temporal illusions.
Utilizing implicit measures to evaluate the sense of agency.

Main Results:

Experienced mindfulness meditators exhibited a significantly greater "intentional binding" effect compared to non-meditators.
This suggests that enhanced metacognition, fostered by mindfulness, can lead to a more pronounced illusory compression of time between action and outcome.
The findings indicate a stronger sense of agency in mindfulness meditators.

Conclusions:

Improved metacognition through mindfulness meditation may paradoxically increase susceptibility to certain perceptual illusions.
Mindfulness meditation enhances awareness of intentions, potentially leading to altered timing judgments and an earlier experience of action outcomes.
The study provides evidence that mindfulness practice strengthens the sense of agency.