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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Lymphadenitis: A Case Report.

Amanda M Krantz1, Meera Varnam2, Cristina Fernandez2

  • 1School of Medicine, Creighton University.

Cureus
|December 3, 2016
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Summary

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause subacute lymphadenitis in young children. This case highlights NTM infection in a two-year-old girl with ear and neck lymphadenitis, emphasizing diagnostic considerations.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are acid-fast bacteria distinct from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • NTM are ubiquitous environmental organisms found in water, soil, and animals, leading to human exposure via oral or respiratory routes.

Observation:

  • Diagnosis of NTM infection is often considered in children under five presenting with subacute, unilateral, non-tender cervicofacial lymphadenitis.
  • Clinical suspicion is heightened by a history of water exposure or penetrating injury, alongside negative routine cultures or lack of response to standard antibiotics.

Findings:

  • This case details a two-year-old African American girl with anterior ear lobe and submandibular lymphadenitis.
  • The presentation was consistent with suspected Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection.
Keywords:
nontuberculous mycobacteriumppd

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Implications:

  • NTM infections in children can present with variable clinical courses, including lymph node eruption and tract formation.
  • Management may involve a combination of surgical intervention and antimycobacterial therapy for NTM lymphadenitis.