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Related Concept Videos

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis
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Endometrial Carcinoma: Specific Targeted Pathways.

Nuria Eritja1,2, Andree Yeramian1,2, Bo-Juen Chen3

  • 1Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endometrial cancer (EC) involves molecular alterations in key signaling pathways. Understanding these pathways, like PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Endometrial cancerPI3K pathologySignaling pathwayTarget therapies

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Signaling Pathways

Background:

  • Endometrial cancer (EC) is a prevalent gynecologic malignancy globally.
  • Early-stage EC has an excellent prognosis with surgical treatment, but molecular insights are needed.
  • Over 280,000 cases occur annually, highlighting the need for advanced therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review critical molecular signaling pathways implicated in endometrial cancer.
  • To identify key genetic alterations driving EC progression.
  • To discuss the relevance of these pathways for targeted therapy development.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of scientific literature on EC molecular alterations.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, Tyrosine Kinase, WNT/β-Catenin, cell cycle, and TGF-β.
  • Summary of significant clinical trials targeting these pathways.

Main Results:

  • Multiple signaling pathways are frequently altered in EC.
  • Specific molecular targets within these pathways have been identified.
  • These alterations provide a basis for novel therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding aberrant molecular pathways in EC is essential for advancing treatment.
  • Targeted therapies based on identified molecular alterations hold promise for improving EC patient survival.
  • Further research and clinical trials are necessary to translate these findings into clinical practice.