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Single-shot mega-electronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction for structure dynamic studies of warm dense matter.

M Z Mo1, X Shen1, Z Chen1

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We developed a novel ultrafast electron diffraction system to observe warm dense matter dynamics. This system visualizes atomic structural changes during gold

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Plasma Physics

Background:

  • Understanding warm dense matter (WDM) is crucial for fields like inertial confinement fusion.
  • Characterizing structural dynamics in WDM requires advanced diagnostic techniques.
  • Previous methods faced limitations in temporal and spatial resolution for WDM studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a single-shot mega-electronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction (MeV-UED) system.
  • To measure the structural dynamics of warm dense matter with high temporal resolution.
  • To investigate the solid-liquid phase transition in laser-excited gold.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a single-shot MeV-UED system with a 3.2 MeV electron probe.
  • Employed a 350 fs pulse duration and 20 fC electron charge.
  • Analyzed atomic structural changes in a 35-nm freestanding single-crystal gold foil.
  • Quantitatively determined Bragg peak intensity and liquid signal evolution.

Main Results:

  • Successfully visualized atomic structural changes in warm dense gold.
  • Quantified the temporal evolution of structural changes during the solid-liquid phase transition.
  • Demonstrated the capability to probe WDM structural dynamics with femtosecond resolution.

Conclusions:

  • The developed MeV-UED system provides a powerful tool for studying WDM.
  • This technique enables quantitative analysis of structural phase transitions in WDM.
  • Opens new avenues for unraveling atomic dynamics in extreme states of matter.