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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

Quantification of vascular function changes under different emotion states: A pilot study.

Yirong Xia¹, Licai Yang¹, Xueqin Mao²

¹School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China.

Technology and Health Care : Official Journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine

|December 3, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Vascular function, measured by reflection index (RI) and stiffness index (SI) from photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulses, changes significantly with different emotion states like happiness and sadness. These physiological changes, including sub-emotion states, can be quantified using simple PPG measurements.

Keywords:

Emotion recognition PPG reflection index stiffness index vascular function

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Last Updated: Mar 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

Physiology
Psychophysiology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Physiological parameters are known to vary with different emotional states.
Quantifying vascular function changes during emotions is crucial for understanding psychophysiological responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify changes in vascular function, specifically reflection index (RI) and stiffness index (SI), during distinct emotion and sub-emotion states.
To investigate the relationship between photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals and emotional responses.

Main Methods:

Twenty young subjects' finger PPG pulses were recorded during natural, happiness, and sadness emotion states.
Sub-emotion states (calmness and outburst) were identified via synchronized video recordings.
Reflection index (RI) and stiffness index (SI) were derived from PPG pulses to analyze vascular function differences.

Main Results:

Both RI and SI decreased in happiness and sadness emotions compared to the natural state, with significant decreases in RI for both and SI for sadness.
RI showed significant differences between happiness and sadness emotions, unlike SI.
Outburst sub-emotions were associated with significantly higher RI values and, in sadness, higher SI values compared to calmness.

Conclusions:

Vascular function, as indicated by RI and SI derived from PPG, demonstrably changes with different emotion and sub-emotion states.
Photoplethysmography offers a viable, simple method for quantifying emotion-induced physiological changes.
This pilot study highlights the potential of PPG in psychophysiological research.