Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

4.2K
A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...
4.2K
Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations01:28

Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations

4.3K
Once the fields have been calculated using Maxwell's four equations, the Lorentz force equation gives the force that the fields exert on a charged particle moving with a certain velocity. The Lorentz force equation combines the force of the electric field and of the magnetic field on the moving charge. Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law together encompass all the laws of electricity and magnetism. The symmetry that Maxwell introduced into his mathematical framework may not be...
4.3K
Concept of Resonance and its Characteristics01:19

Concept of Resonance and its Characteristics

6.8K
If a driven oscillator needs to resonate at a specific frequency, then very light damping is required. An example of light damping includes playing piano strings and many other musical instruments. Conversely, to achieve small-amplitude oscillations as in a car's suspension system, heavy damping is required. Heavy damping reduces the amplitude, but the tradeoff is that the system responds at more frequencies. Speed bumps and gravel roads prove that even a car's suspension system is not...
6.8K
Standing Waves01:17

Standing Waves

5.6K
Sometimes waves do not seem to move; rather, they just vibrate in place. Unmoving waves can be seen on the surface of a glass of milk kept in a refrigerator, which is one example of standing waves. Vibrations from the refrigerator motor create waves on the milk that oscillate up and down but do not seem to move across the surface. These waves are formed or created by the superposition of two or more identical moving waves in opposite directions. The waves move through each other, with their...
5.6K
Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

4.1K
The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
4.1K
Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity01:17

Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity

4.9K
In 1905, Albert Einstein published his special theory of relativity. According to this theory, no matter in the universe can attain a speed greater than the speed of light in a vacuum, which thus serves as the speed limit of the universe.
This has been verified in many experiments. However, space and time are no longer absolute. Two observers moving relative to one another do not agree on the length of objects or the passage of time. The mechanics of objects based on Newton's laws of...
4.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Validity and Reproducibility of the Six-Minute Stepper Test in Cardiac Patients.

Journal of cardiovascular translational research·2025
Same author

Comparison between hybrid cardiac rehabilitation and center-based cardiac rehabilitation: a noninferiority randomized controlled trial.

International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptation·2025
Same author

Schwarzschild Metric from Scattering Amplitudes to All Orders in G_{N}.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Prehabilitation Using a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for a Patient With a Total Artificial Heart Prior to Heart Transplantation.

Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention·2024
Same author

Is hybrid cardiac rehabilitation superior to traditional cardiac rehabilitation?

Acta cardiologica·2023
Same author

Unitarity and Low Energy Expansion of the Coon Amplitude.

Physical review letters·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

9.0K

Higher-Loop Amplitude Monodromy Relations in String and Gauge Theory.

Piotr Tourkine1, Pierre Vanhove1,2

  • 1DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|December 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study extends monodromy relations to higher loops in open string theory, revealing new identities connecting planar and nonplanar topologies. These findings advance quantum field theory amplitude calculations and understanding of color-kinematics duality.

More Related Videos

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
11:27

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET

Published on: June 28, 2014

15.9K
Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials
06:07

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Published on: April 25, 2019

13.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

9.0K
Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
11:27

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET

Published on: June 28, 2014

15.9K
Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials
06:07

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Published on: April 25, 2019

13.8K

Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • String Theory
  • Quantum Field Theory

Background:

  • Monodromy relations offer insights into tree-level amplitudes and color-kinematics duality in quantum field theory.
  • Existing monodromy constructions lacked a higher-loop generalization, hindering progress in loop amplitude computations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend monodromy relations to higher loops within the framework of open string theory.
  • To derive new identities relating planar and nonplanar topologies in string theory at higher loop orders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a contour deformation argument applied to open string diagram integrands.
  • Developing explicit one- and two-loop monodromy formulas for arbitrary multiplicity.

Main Results:

  • Established a higher-loop generalization of monodromy relations in open string theory.
  • Derived novel identities linking planar and nonplanar topologies.
  • Reproduced known one-loop identities in the field theory limit and verified two-loop formulas via unitarity for a specific amplitude.

Conclusions:

  • The extended monodromy relations provide a powerful tool for higher-loop amplitude calculations in quantum field theory.
  • This work bridges a gap in the theoretical understanding of loop amplitudes and their underlying dualities.
  • The derived identities offer new avenues for exploring the structure of scattering amplitudes in string theory and quantum field theory.