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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Updated: Mar 11, 2026

Orthotopic Transplantation of Syngeneic Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Study PD-L1 Expression

Orthotopic Transplantation of Syngeneic Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Study PD-L1 Expression

Published on: January 19, 2019

Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer.

Lingling Du¹, Roy S Herbst², Daniel Morgensztern¹

¹Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8056, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America

|December 4, 2016

Summary

Immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, has improved survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Further research is needed to identify biomarkers for patient selection.

Keywords:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors Non–small cell lung cancer PD-L1 Vaccines

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Published on: February 12, 2017

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunotherapy
Biomarkers

Background:

Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment historically relied on platinum-based chemotherapy.
Immunotherapy offers a novel therapeutic strategy with potential for long-term patient benefit.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
To discuss the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis.
To highlight the ongoing search for predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy.

Main Methods:

Review of randomized clinical trials evaluating immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC.
Analysis of survival data comparing ICIs to docetaxel.
Discussion of biomarker research in ICI therapy for NSCLC.

Main Results:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis demonstrated improved overall survival compared to docetaxel.
Nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved based on these findings.
A significant proportion of patients do not benefit from current ICI therapies.

Conclusions:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a significant advancement in treating advanced NSCLC.
Identifying predictive biomarkers is crucial to optimize patient selection and treatment outcomes.
Further research is essential to enhance the efficacy and applicability of immunotherapy in NSCLC.