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Ex Vivo HIFU Experiments Using a $32 \times 32$ -Element CMUT Array.

Hyo-Seon Yoon, Chienliu Chang, Ji Hoon Jang

    IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
    |December 4, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a 32x32-element 2D capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array for high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy. The developed CMUT array successfully created lesions in ex vivo tissues, demonstrating its therapeutic potential.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Ultrasound Technology
    • Medical Devices

    Background:

    • High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) offers noninvasive therapeutic treatment for various diseases.
    • Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) present advantages over traditional piezoelectric transducers for HIFU applications.
    • Developing advanced transducer arrays is crucial for enhancing HIFU efficacy and precision.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and fabricate a 32x32-element 2D CMUT array for HIFU applications.
    • To investigate a novel element grouping strategy to simplify system complexity for addressing 1024 transducer elements.
    • To evaluate the performance of the CMUT array in generating therapeutic ultrasound pressures and creating lesions in biological tissues.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of an 8x8 mm^2, 32x32-element 2D CMUT array.
    • Implementation of an element grouping scheme into eight HIFU channels based on phase delay for simplified addressing.
    • Utilizing a custom application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for channel control.
    • Characterization of transducer performance, including surface pressure and focal pressure measurements.
    • Ex vivo tissue experiments to demonstrate lesion creation capabilities.

    Main Results:

    • The CMUT array was designed to focus at an 8-mm depth with a 5-MHz excitation frequency.
    • A surface pressure of 1.2 MPa (peak-to-peak) was achieved with 40-V DC bias and 60-V peak-to-peak AC excitation.
    • The focal peak-to-peak output pressure reached 8.5 MPa, sufficient for lesion generation within a minute based on thermal simulations.
    • Successful ex vivo lesion creation was demonstrated in bovine muscle and liver tissue.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed 32x32-element 2D CMUT array is suitable for HIFU therapeutic applications.
    • The proposed element grouping strategy effectively reduces system complexity for addressing a large number of elements.
    • The CMUT array demonstrates significant potential for noninvasive tissue ablation and lesion generation.