SMAD-4 gene expression in human colorectal cancer: Comparison with some clinical and pathological parameters

The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of SMAD-4 gene in cases of colorectal cancer and to link the obtained data with the development of this disease. SMAD-4 gene is responsible for the control of many important cellular processes, for example prevention of excessive epithelial cell growth and divisions. This suppressor gene is located on chromosome 18 within the region with frequent genetic losses in colorectal cancer. Inactivation of this gene is commonly found in pancreatic cancer where the SMAD-4 gene lost in the expression has been associated with a poor prognosis in this cancer. However, the role of SMAD-4 gene in other cancers has not been completely explained, therefore in the present study we tried to find the role of this gene in colon cancer. The relative expression level of SMAD-4 gene was determined by real-time PCR for 80 cases of colorectal cancer. The obtained results for SMAD-4 expression were compared with many clinical and pathological variables (such as the size and depth of primary tumour penetration, presence of the metastases, stage of cancer, histological grade or overall survival). It was found that the level of SMAD-4 gene expression was not associated with the analyzed parameters of clinical staging. The lack of dependence can be caused by slight differences within the study group in view of parameters correlated with invasive colon cancer. Further analysis in this direction is needed.