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In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
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Extracellular matrix hydrogels from decellularized tissues: Structure and function.

Lindsey T Saldin1, Madeline C Cramer1, Sachin S Velankar2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 360B CNBIO, 300 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Suite 300, 450 Technology Drive, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.

Acta Biomaterialia
|December 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels, derived from decellularized tissues, offer versatile applications in tissue regeneration. This review explores their formation, characterization, and clinical potential, highlighting structure-function relationships for improved outcomes.

Keywords:
BiomaterialDecellularizationExtracellular matrixHydrogelInjectableNaturally derivedRegenerative medicineTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds from decellularized tissues promote tissue remodeling.
  • Solubilized ECM can form hydrogels, expanding utility as substrates and injectable materials.
  • ECM hydrogels retain structural and biological signals influencing cell behavior and remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility, formation, and characterization of ECM hydrogels.
  • To identify structure-function relationships impacting tissue remodeling outcomes.
  • To discuss current research and clinical translation of ECM hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of over 70 published papers on ECM hydrogels.
  • Analysis of physical and biological characterization methods for ECM hydrogels.
  • Presentation of two clinical application examples.

Main Results:

  • ECM hydrogels demonstrate broad utility across various organ systems.
  • Understanding of mechanisms by which ECM hydrogels direct cell behavior is incomplete.
  • A Phase 1 clinical trial for an ECM hydrogel is currently underway.

Conclusions:

  • ECM hydrogels are promising for tissue regeneration and repair.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate structure-function relationships.
  • Clinical translation of ECM hydrogels is advancing, with ongoing trials.