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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
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Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV), Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CSV), and Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (AdSV) are electrochemical techniques used to determine trace amounts of analytes in solution. These methods involve applying a potential to an electrode and measuring the resulting current.
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Arsenic solid-phase speciation and reversible binding in long-term contaminated soils.

M S Rahman1, M W Clark1, L H Yee1

  • 1School of Environment Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.

Chemosphere
|December 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Historic soil arsenic contamination, from cattle tick treatments in Australia, shows over 90% is irreversibly bound. Newly added arsenic, however, remains more accessible in soils.

Keywords:
Arsenic accessibilityContaminated soilsIsotope exchangeSpeciationXAS

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Arsenic (As) contamination is a global issue from historical industrial, agricultural, and mining activities.
  • In Australia, cattle tick control using arsenicals resulted in widespread soil contamination, particularly in New South Wales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of soil aging on arsenic (As) mobility and accessibility in contaminated Australian soils.
  • To differentiate the binding mechanisms of historic versus freshly added arsenic in soil.

Main Methods:

  • Isotopic exchange techniques were employed to assess As-mobility.
  • Synchrotron X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to determine As speciation.
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed mineral formations.

Main Results:

  • Over 90% of historic soil arsenic is irreversibly bound, indicating reduced mobility due to aging.
  • Freshly added arsenic exhibits significantly higher accessibility and mobility compared to aged arsenic.
  • Historic As is primarily present as mineral precipitates (e.g., svenekite, weilite, mansfieldite, scorodite), while fresh As adsorbs onto mineral surfaces (e.g., goethite, hematite, gibbsite, kaolin).

Conclusions:

  • Soil aging processes, including mineral recrystallization, significantly reduce arsenic mobility and accessibility.
  • Understanding arsenic speciation and binding is crucial for managing contaminated sites and assessing environmental risk.