Microbial Biofilms in Urinary Tract Infections and Prostatitis: Etiology, Pathogenicity, and Combating strategies

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Urology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant cause of illness and healthcare costs across all age groups.
• Bacterial biofilms are implicated in persistent UTIs, leading to infection recurrence and relapse.
• Catheter-associated UTIs involving biofilms are a major source of nosocomial infections and Gram-negative bacteremia.

Approach:

• This mini-review examines the role of microbial biofilms in the development of female UTIs.
• The review also explores the involvement of biofilms in various male prostatitis syndromes.
• It further discusses the consequences of biofilm-related infections and therapeutic challenges.

Key Points:

• Microbial biofilms are a key factor in the etiology of both female UTIs and male prostatitis.
• Biofilm formation contributes to the chronicity and difficulty in treating these conditions.
• Catheter-associated biofilms represent a substantial healthcare-associated infection risk.

Conclusions:

• Microbial biofilms play a critical role in the pathogenesis of UTIs and prostatitis.
• Effective therapeutic strategies must address the challenges posed by biofilm infections.
• Further research is needed to overcome treatment resistance associated with biofilms.