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Modeling the QBO-Improvements resulting from higher-model vertical resolution.

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|December 6, 2016
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Accurate modeling of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) requires specific gravity wave momentum flux and fine vertical resolution in climate models. This improves simulation of tropical temperatures and water vapor transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Modeling
  • Stratospheric Dynamics

Background:

  • The stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a crucial phenomenon influencing tropical and extratropical weather.
  • Previous climate models have struggled to accurately simulate the QBO's characteristics and its impact on the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS).
  • Accurate representation of gravity wave momentum flux and vertical resolution are key challenges in climate modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the necessary conditions for accurately modeling the stratospheric QBO using the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) climate model.
  • To determine the impact of gravity wave parameters and vertical resolution on QBO simulation.
  • To assess improvements in model transport characteristics and tropical-extratropical isolation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the NASA GISS climate model with specified gravity wave momentum flux and varying vertical resolutions (500m and 1000m).
  • Analyzed the simulated QBO period, amplitude, and structure, comparing them with observational data.
  • Employed age-of-air and N2O diagnostics to evaluate model transport characteristics and tropical pipe integrity.

Main Results:

  • A realistic QBO with proper period, amplitude, and structure was modeled by adjusting gravity wave momentum flux and employing fine vertical layering (at least 500m).
  • Gravity wave momentum flux controls QBO period, while spectrum width influences amplitude.
  • Increased vertical resolution (from 1000m to 500m) improved simulation of tropical tropopause temperatures and stratospheric water vapor, approaching observed values.

Conclusions:

  • Properly specified gravity wave momentum flux and fine vertical resolution are essential for simulating a realistic stratospheric QBO in the GISS model.
  • Enhanced vertical resolution leads to improved representation of QBO-driven temperature and water vapor modulations in the tropical tropopause.
  • Model transport deficiencies are improved, and a more realistic 'tropical pipe' effect is achieved with finer vertical layering.