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Related Concept Videos

Orthogonal Trajectories01:26

Orthogonal Trajectories

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Orthogonal trajectories describe the geometric relationship between two families of curves that intersect each other at right angles. One illustrative case involves a family of parabolas that open sideways along the x-axis. These curves share a common shape but differ by a scaling parameter, resulting in a set of curves that all pass through the origin and widen at different rates.Determining Orthogonal TrajectoriesTo identify the orthogonal trajectories for these parabolas, the first step...
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Transformation of Plane Stress01:18

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Studying stress transformation is essential in understanding how stress components within a material, like a cube under plane stress, change with rotation. This change is analyzed by considering a prismatic element within the cube. As the element rotates, the stress components acting on it—both normal and shearing stresses—change in magnitude and orientation. This change is quantified using trigonometric functions of the rotation angle, relating the forces acting on the rotated element's...
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The perpendicular-axis theorem states that the moment of inertia of a planar object about an axis perpendicular to its plane is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia about two mutually perpendicular concurrent axes lying in the plane of the body.
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Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

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Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.
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When analyzing elongated structures like bars subjected to uniformly distributed loads, it is essential to understand the transformation of plane strain when coordinate axes are rotated. This transformation helps to assess how material deformation characteristics vary with orientation, which is crucial in materials science and structural engineering.
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The moment of inertia is a fundamental concept in mechanical engineering that plays a significant role in designing rotationally symmetric objects such as flywheels, gears, and other mechanical systems. In this context, we will discuss the moment of inertia of a flywheel rotating about its centroidal axis and how it relates to the moment of inertia about an axis parallel to it.
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Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform
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Simultaneous orthogonal plane imaging.

Nikolai J Mickevicius1, Eric S Paulson1,2,3

  • 1Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|December 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new Simultaneous Orthogonal Plane imaging (SOPI) pulse sequence for MR-guided radiation therapy. SOPI enables high-frame-rate imaging of moving targets in two planes simultaneously, improving radiation dose accuracy.

Keywords:
MR-guided radiation therapySMSsimultaneous multislicesimultaneous orthogonal slice

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiotherapy Physics
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

  • Intrafraction motion during radiation therapy can lead to dose uncertainties.
  • Accurate imaging of moving targets is crucial for effective MR-guided radiotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel pulse sequence for simultaneous imaging of moving targets in two orthogonal planes.
  • To address the challenge of dose smearing caused by intrafraction motion in external beam radiation therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a Simultaneous Orthogonal Plane imaging (SOPI) pulse sequence using a Cartesian spoiled gradient echo.
  • Implemented multiplexed acquisitions to image two parallel slices along orthogonal axes concurrently.
  • Utilized an autocalibrating phase-constrained 2D-SENSE-GRAPPA algorithm for data reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Achieved SOPI image reconstruction without intraslice motion artifacts at a maximum frame rate of 8.16 Hz.
  • Demonstrated successful separation of aliased parallel slices using the 2D-SENSE-GRAPPA reconstruction.
  • Validated the SOPI sequence in both phantom and in vivo studies.

Conclusions:

  • The SOPI sequence provides high spatiotemporal resolution for imaging moving targets.
  • This technique holds significant potential for intrafraction motion management in MR-guided radiation therapy.
  • SOPI can enhance the precision and efficacy of MRI-guided interventions.