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Outbreak of Piv-3 in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in England

Gemma Louise Dunn1, Helen Tapson, Jonathan Davis

  • 1From the *Public Health Specialty Registrar, Public Health England South West Centre; †Neonatal ICU, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Perth, Western Australia; ‡Neonatal ICU, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia; §Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia; and ¶Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|December 6, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Lower birth weight and gestational age increase the risk of Human Parainfluenza Virus type 3 (PIV-3) infection in neonatal intensive care units. Visiting restrictions and staff sickness absence are recommended during PIV-3 outbreaks.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Infectious disease epidemiology
  • Respiratory viruses

Background:

  • Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are vulnerable settings for healthcare-associated infections.
  • Human Parainfluenza Virus type 3 (PIV-3) can cause severe respiratory illness in neonates.
  • Understanding transmission dynamics in NICUs is crucial for outbreak control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the risk factors associated with a PIV-3 outbreak in a neonatal ICU.
  • To identify potential transmission routes of PIV-3 within the NICU environment.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study design.
  • Analysis of patient data including birth weight and gestational age.
  • Assessment of exposure to visitors and staff.

Main Results:

  • Lower birth weight was significantly associated with increased risk of PIV-3 infection.
  • Lower gestational age was also a risk factor for PIV-3 infection.
  • No significant association was found between infection and contact with sick visitors or staff (P = 0.212, P = 0.299).

Conclusions:

  • PIV-3 transmission in NICUs is influenced by infant prematurity and low birth weight.
  • Identifying specific transmission routes remains challenging.
  • Implementing visiting restrictions and ensuring staff sickness absence are vital strategies during PIV-3 outbreaks in NICUs.

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