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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Trauma Studies
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Auditory hallucinations are reported in the general population and linked to trauma.
  • Prospective studies are needed to examine the temporal relationship between trauma, PTSD, and hallucinations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of auditory hallucinations in trauma survivors.
  • To assess the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and auditory hallucinations over time.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study assessed former prisoners of war (ex-POWs) and comparable veterans twice (1991 and 2003).
  • Participants (n=202) were evaluated for auditory hallucinations and PTSD symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Ex-POWs with PTSD reported higher levels and increased auditory hallucinations over time compared to controls.
  • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scores at T1 predicted increased hallucinations at T2, but not vice versa.
  • Intrusion symptoms uniquely predicted hallucinations, more so than avoidance or hyperarousal.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory hallucinations may be a consequence of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reaction in veterans.
  • The findings highlight a unidirectional relationship where PTSD influences hallucination experiences.