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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Nociception01:44

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Updated: Mar 10, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Does pain sensitivity change by migraine phase? A blinded longitudinal study.

Martin Uglem1, Petter Moe Omland1,2, Kristian Bernhard Nilsen1,3,4

  • 11 Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
|December 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Migraineurs experience altered pain perception before and during headaches. These changes in pain thresholds suggest cyclic physiological shifts preceding a migraine attack.

Keywords:
Headacheallodyniahyperalgesiamigraine cyclepreictalpremonitory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Migraine Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Migraine pain onset mechanisms, central vs. peripheral dysfunction, remain debated.
  • Altered pain thresholds are observed before and during migraine attacks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate longitudinal changes in thermal pain thresholds and heat pain scores in migraineurs.
  • To compare pain perception across different phases of the migraine cycle (interictal, preictal, ictal, postictal).

Main Methods:

  • A blinded longitudinal study involving 49 migraineurs and 31 controls.
  • Measurement of cold and heat pain thresholds and suprathreshold heat pain scores.
  • Categorization of sessions based on migraine diaries: interictal, preictal, ictal, and postictal.

Main Results:

  • Decreased trigeminal cold pain thresholds and increased pain scores during the ictal phase compared to interictal.
  • Reduced initial pain scores and less adaptation in the preictal phase versus interictal.
  • Lower hand cold pain thresholds in interictal migraineurs compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Preictal hypoalgesia and reduced adaptation preceded ictal cold suballodynia and heat hyperalgesia.
  • Cyclic pain perception alterations occur in the late prodromal phase before migraine headache.
  • Longitudinal studies are crucial for understanding migraine pathogenesis.