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Calcium-mediated actin reset (CaAR) mediates acute cell adaptations.

Pauline Wales1,2, Christian E Schuberth1,2, Roland Aufschnaiter1,2

  • 1Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.

Elife
|December 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Cells rapidly reset actin dynamics using calcium signals, a process called Calcium-mediated actin reset (CaAR). This actin dynamics regulation is crucial for cellular adaptation to signals and stress.

Keywords:
actin cytoskeletoncalciumcell biologycell signalingforminshumanmammalian cellsmouse

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Actin's role in cellular morphogenesis is established, but its dynamic equilibrium regulation under acute signaling remains unclear.
  • Understanding how cells maintain actin balance during rapid responses is critical for cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a rapid and transient actin reset mechanism triggered by increased intracellular calcium levels.
  • To investigate the role of Calcium-mediated actin reset (CaAR) in cellular adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated rapid changes in actin polymerization and disassembly using live-cell imaging.
  • Stimulated actin reset via calcium influx and monitored cellular responses.

Main Results:

  • Identified Calcium-mediated actin reset (CaAR) as a rapid, transient process involving INF2-mediated actin polymerization at the ER and cortical actin disassembly.
  • CaAR occurs across mammalian cell types in response to various physiological cues.
  • Observed CaAR's effects on organelle immobilization, cell cortex repair, cell spreading, wound healing, and gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • CaAR is a fundamental mechanism facilitating cellular adaptation to acute signals and stress.
  • This process dynamically reorganizes actin, impacting cellular processes from organelle dynamics to gene expression.