Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

18.6K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
18.6K
Mutations01:35

Mutations

45.1K
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
45.1K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

5.5K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
5.5K
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

100
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
100
Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

Isotopes and Radioisotopes

13.4K
In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing...
13.4K
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

3.3K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Antioxidant Probucol Reduces Mortality in Mice Exposed to Lethal Doses of Ionizing Radiation.

Radiation research·2026
Same author

Reply to the letter of editor addressed by Thulamy Raman D. Et al., about our article entitled "Radiosensitivity and delayed radiation-induced Nucleo-shuttling of the ATM protein in fibroblasts from Duchenne muscular dystrophy expressing residual dystrophin".

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

Reply to the Letter of Editor addressed by D.M. Sati et al., about our article entitled "Radiosensitivity and Delayed Radiation-Induced Nucleo-shuttling of the ATM Protein in Fibroblasts from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Expressing Residual Dystrophin".

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

Radiosensitivity and delayed radiation-induced nucleo-shuttling of the ATM protein in fibroblasts from Duchenne muscular dystrophy expressing residual dystrophin.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

Report on the 5th and 6th Mystery of Reactive Oxygen Species Conferences.

ALTEX·2026
Same author

Risk of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system due to occupational chronic radiation exposure, considering the radiation dose rate.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
08:23

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Published on: December 25, 2021

5.4K

Individual response to ionizing radiation.

Nicolas Foray1, Michel Bourguignon2, Nobuyuki Hamada3

  • 1Inserm, UMR 1052, Groupe de Radiobiologie, Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France.

Mutation Research. Reviews in Mutation Research
|December 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Human responses to ionizing radiation (IR) vary. This study defines three aspects of individual IR response: radiosensitivity, radiosusceptibility, and radiodegeneration, emphasizing the need to consider these factors for accurate risk assessment.

Keywords:
Individual radiodegenerationIndividual radioresponseIndividual radiosensitivityIndividual radiosusceptibility

More Related Videos

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation
11:24

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation

Published on: July 3, 2015

11.6K
Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
09:10

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

Published on: July 27, 2022

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 10, 2026

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
08:23

An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Published on: December 25, 2021

5.4K
Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation
11:24

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation

Published on: July 3, 2015

11.6K
Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
09:10

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

Published on: July 27, 2022

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Radiation biology
  • Medical physics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Individual responses to ionizing radiation (IR) have been observed for over a century.
  • Understanding these variations is crucial for accurate risk assessment and personalized medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a framework for understanding individual differences in response to IR.
  • To categorize these responses into distinct aspects: radiosensitivity, radiosusceptibility, and radiodegeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical observations and current data on individual IR response.
  • Conceptualization of three distinct categories of IR effects based on underlying mechanisms (cell death vs. other mechanisms).

Main Results:

  • Defined radiosensitivity for adverse tissue events post-radiotherapy (cell death-related).
  • Defined radiosusceptibility for IR-induced cancers.
  • Defined radiodegeneration for non-cancer effects not solely due to cell death (e.g., cataracts, circulatory disease).

Conclusions:

  • Individual IR response is multifaceted and significantly impacts health outcomes.
  • Further research into molecular and cellular mechanisms is needed.
  • Incorporating individual response factors is essential for improved clinical management and societal risk evaluation of IR exposure.