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Defining the Core Microbiome in Corals' Microbial Soup.

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Coral microbiomes host diverse bacteria, but their functional roles and healthy versus unhealthy states remain unclear. This review proposes a framework to understand these complex coral-bacterial symbioses.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Symbiotic Relationships

Background:

  • Corals host thousands of bacterial phylotypes in species-specific associations, forming complex microbial biospheres.
  • Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the functional roles of coral bacterial communities and symbioses.
  • Differentiating between healthy (symbiotic) and unhealthy (dysbiotic) coral microbial states is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complexity of the coral holobiont and coral microbiome diversity.
  • To discuss recently proposed bacterial symbioses in corals.
  • To propose a framework for deciphering ecologically significant microbes in coral microbiomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current knowledge on coral microbiomes and bacterial symbioses.
  • Application of community ecology principles to the coral microbiome framework.
  • Integration of theoretical insights from complex systems to develop a new analytical framework.

Main Results:

  • Corals harbor highly complex and diverse bacterial communities with species-specific associations.
  • The functional significance of many bacterial interactions within the coral holobiont is not well understood.
  • A clear distinction between symbiotic and dysbiotic states in coral microbiomes is yet to be established.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding coral microbial complexity requires integrating microbiome data with ecological principles.
  • The proposed framework aids in identifying key bacterial players in coral health and disease.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functional roles of microbes in the coral holobiont.